The Chautauqua Movement

The Progressive Era was a time when many Gilded Age issues and problems were either Improved or resolved. Some of the greatest Improvements were in the areas of the Arts and Education. At the turn of the 20th century, education was very scarce. Many people were illiterate and not many children had the opportunity to go to school because they were too busy working in factories or on farms.However, it had been a goal of some Progressive reformers to develop programs that would eliminate hillside's participation in child labor, and increase their involvement in education and extracurricular activities (Davis). To that end, in 1874, John Heel Vincent and Lewis Miller rented the site of a Methodist camp to use a summer school for Sunday school teachers. This was known as the Chautauqua Institution (History of the Chautauqua Movement). The original Chautauqua Lake Sunday School Assembly in western New York began as a program for the training of Sunday-school teachers and church workers.Soo n the institution drew in more curious people and they expanded their studies to politics, culture, literature, and science. They attended lectures and performances but unfortunately the decline of the movement put an end to Chautauqua reign. During the Progressive Era, the Chautauqua Movement impacted American Society by providing adult education in various subjects, exposing people to many new ideas, and paving the way for new ideas regarding mass entertainment. The expansion of the Chautauqua idea later extended from general education to lectures, discussions, and home readings.A combination of formal classes, informal conferences, recreation and entertainment had also been offered. It was through the success of the Chautauqua Minimal year that the program's expansion was Inspired. In 1875, Hebrew and Greek classes were added for student use. A year later, In 1876, English Literature had been included where students completing the four-year reading program receive official diplom as. A little while after, French and German classes were added in 1878. Eventually, in-service courses were also offered for public school teachers.Also in 1878, the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle was organized as a 4-year plan of home reading In English, American, European, and classical history and literature. This plan Is considered to be the first basic program of coordinated instruction on a national level for men and women in the united States. To further aid adult education, books were supplemented by a monthly magazine called the Chautauqua, published from 1880-1914. The books included articles related to yearly themes, discussion questions, bibliographies, literary extracts, Inspirational statements and news (RUG).As expected from the exposure adults gained to various subjects, the Chautauqua Chautauqua learned so much, and it was marveled by many. â€Å"William Jennings Bryan deemed Chautauqua a â€Å"potent human factor in molding the mind of the nation† (Chautauqua Trail). Chautauqua showed people different aspects of education. Not only could the people take general education classes, but also many informal classes were offered as well. Millions of people attended and as part of the Chautauqua cultural program, Chautauqua could take music lessons, elocution, calisthenics, and dance. Music was an important part of the movement.Some hymns were written by Mary Lathery and became an integral part of religious services. The Chautauqua band had also performed at both formal and informal events (The Chautauqua Experience). Since the Chautauqua cultural program was so diverse, the Movement has also paved the way for many new ideas regarding mass entertainment. Due to the fact that all good things must eventually come to an end, the decline of the Chautauqua Movement occurred in the mid asses. Since the movement was densely populated with women, the rise of liberated and educated women caused them to no longer need Chautauqua.Due to the fact that it functioned for many lower/middle class women, Chautauqua were training grounds from which women could launch careers. When more opportunities arrived, the woman's interest in Chautauqua added (Chautauqua Trail). Another reason for the decline was, of course, the Great Depression. The Depression made the Chautauqua Movements economically impossible to function. Even though these occurrences put an end to the movement, it paved a path for further inventions regarding technology and mass entertainment for our society.Some of the inventions that also caused the movement's decline were, automobiles, motion pictures, and radios. Automobiles eliminated isolation in American towns because people could travel one place to another in certain time frames. Motion pictures, movies, provided nationwide entertainment. The invention of radios allowed people to listen to current cultural events without having to buy newspapers or leave their home (Lakeside Ohio). Even though these inven tions led to the decline of the movement, as well as the other factors, the Chautauqua movement was the start of the new technological advancements.The movement paved the way then fell away to leave room for bigger and better things. The Chautauqua movement was very successful. Unfortunately, the movement eventually led to a decline due to factors such as, the rise of automobiles, movies, radios, and other forms of entertainment. There was also the Depression and the rise of liberated and educated women (Lakeside Ohio). However, despite its decline, Chautauqua still lives on today. The demand for authentic experiences are growing and people are resurrecting the Chautauqua and modernizing it.

Political Views on Social Inequality

Social inequality is prominent within our American society today. It affects and usually deteriorates the potential success of different classes of people living in America. With major issues like this present within in our society, there are many people who think that they have solutions. These groups of people can be classified into certain categories that Americans would label as Conservatives, Liberalists and Radicals. Each group has specific ideals and beliefs that they hold on to. They apply their values and beliefs into proposing probable solutions to society’s issues. When is comes to social inequality, each of these groups have many probable solutions to racial, gender and wealth inequality. Racial inequality has to deal with the affected success of different races due to societies influence, policies, and rules. Gender inequality is the failure to treat males and females as equal individuals of society. Wealth inequality is the lack of distribution of assets among the many people in America. Conservatives are stereotyped to be majority of rich white males, so it may seem like social inequality is a low agenda for them. In reality, it’s an issue that is just as important. Nevertheless people think that â€Å"conservatives are racists† because they do not think its necessary to make rash decisions and changes to society. Conservatives believe social inequality is caused by shortcomings of society. Their solution to racial inequality is not as elaborate because they feel as though there is not a big enough problem to fix in that area. Yet, if there is going to be change, it must be very cautious and subtle. For gender inequality, conservatives believe that humans were not born perfect and not everyone is capable of doing whatever they want. So when it comes to gender inequality, they do not full heartedly fight for the feminist movement because it is their belief that if men are excelling more in society, then its meant to be like that. As for wealth inequality their solution to that is to the have the market in control with low taxing so it is more like an aristocracy. In order to address wealth inequality, Conservative individuals would try to help unemployed individuals go back to school for higher education. They may encourage ways to make them more approachable and prepared for better careers. Other than that they will not go through long strides like libertarians or radicals. They want their concentration to be on family religion, morals and tradition. Libertarians want to see slight change in how our government works. They are not extremists like radicals, but they are a little more comprisable. They seek reform in order to fight against social inequality. Libertarians and Radicals make it more obvious than conservatives that social inequality is a major issue. Libertarians want power to the people that live in the country just as radicals do. When it comes to wealth inequality they want there to be a smaller discrepancy between rich and poor. That means increasing minimum wage and taxing people that are rich. Radical can either choose to be on extreme ends. Either they can be really conservative or really libertarian. They just want to go above and beyond in every decision and movement being made. It sounds like they are Libertarian because they want to see change in the government, but they seek more drastic changes. In terms of gender inequality, feminists in this group feel like the country is letting men overpower women. Therefore radical’s solutions to these problems would be protests aiming to change government completely with a different system, which does not seem feasible. Overall, people who are conservative, liberal, or radical seem to come from certain backgrounds. Those who seem to have good income would rather be taxed less and promote conservative views. Yet those who may receive welfare and need financial help may favor libertarian views of wealth equality. When it comes to racial and gender equality the rich go towards liberal and the poor go towards conservative views. This is not true for everyone, but it’s a general trend that seems to be true. Therefore, radicals are not as common. Conservatives and Libertarians are more feasible but many side with different points of each group of people.

The Party of Life

The party of life Life is a challenge that we all must take and overcome. Like a never ending obstacle course, we must jump through the hurtles of work, run through the pain of tragedy, and climb up the ropes of solitude. Life never goes the way we plan it to but that is why I follow the most important law of life: It may not be the party we hoped for, but while we're here, we should dance. When life goes wrong and pushes you down, it’s our job to pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off and keep on going with a wide smile and broad shoulders.We have all found ourselves in situations, where all we wish for is to leave, and for it to be over. There are times where we question, why things happen to us, and why we must suffer. I believe that this law of life is the perfect solutions for these situations and questions. This law of life means that no matter what situation you are in, you should still try to enjoy yourself and make the best of everything that is given to you. I chose this quote because I believe if you be positive in a rough position, then you can withstand anything that life launches at you.These are the moments that keep us waking up in the mornings, and going to bed at night. Living by this quote means we should go out with an optimistic attitude, with our heads held high, and ready to enjoy everything the world has to give to us no matter what has happened. I remember when I was younger; I flew to Russia and saw one of my old family friends. She showed me the town I used to live in and I was baffled to see how much things changed. I was surrounded by poverty and alarming conditions, but what surprised me the most was how the people reacted.They were not sulking and sobbing like I thought they would be, instead, they were enjoying themselves. Children ran around with their friends playing with a worn out soccer ball in their tattered clothing giggling and with jubilant looks on their faces. They didn’t care that their clothes werenâ₠¬â„¢t as expensive or new, they were just grateful that they were with friends that cared for them and would help them out in their time of need, and family that would risk anything just to make them safe and happy.They might not have gotten the riches or money, but since they were alive and with loved ones, they relished what they had and were truly content. When we were young we all had our dreams. â€Å"I want to be a doctor! † someone would say. â€Å"I want to live in a big house and have a nice car! † another would reply. These thoughts are simply contagious as a human being so when I saw the families in my old town I thought to myself â€Å"This isn’t what they wished for but they still found a way to make it work†.Their lives weren't the â€Å"parties† they hoped for but they still had a great time â€Å"dancing†. So when life jumps out of the bushes and scares us, we shouldn't shriek and run, instead, we should turn around and laugh . When we trip and fall, we shouldn't hope no one saw us and walk off embarrassed. Preferably, we should get back up on our feet and embrace the moment and enjoy every seconded of it. Life will never be what we predict it to be, but that’s just what makes it fun and more entertaining to dance to.

Character and Symbolic Analysis of The Princess Bride

Story analysis: Princess Bride (Movie) Source: Princess Bride was created by William Goldman in 1973, and then made into a film in 1987. Story type: This book is written satirically. Because it is ridiculing many themes and literary ideas. The movie comes with a witty joke and an unforgettable quote. Main settings: The story starts with a beautiful and quiet farmhouse in Florin and everything is calm. It was here that Westley and Butter Cup were introduced, and they set the mood of the story for the feelings of each other. Princess Bride in the movie Princess Bride directed by Rob Liner began with a grandfather who told his story to his less enthusiastic grandchild. The story began in the country of Florin and the butter cup does not deal well with her farm boys. His name is Wesley, but she never called him. She loves him as a reward. She discovered later that he and his ship were killed by the fear of Roberts pirates. It is a princess. Ironic and fun twist. In the novel Princess Bri de, William Goldman sarizizes fairy tales and standard literary processes through his personality and behavior. The poor peasant Westley fell in love with the perfect girl butter cup, but he has to leave to find his wealth. A few years later, the butter cup thought that Westley gave her up and was forced to go out with a heartcart, cruel and computationally motivated person. Vizzini, Fezzik, and Inigo are three mysterious kidnappers who want to kidnap the princess and cause a war between Guilder and Florin. In the Enders game and the bride's princess, the character surprisingly became a hero. Wesley was chosen as a new fear pirate Roberts and saved the princess. Andel became army general and led them to victory. In each novel, characters are separated from their loved ones and they are not allowed to see them for a long time. They are not considered to be the best heroes, but they will not become great heroes in the play Romeo and Juliet Juliette deceived Romeo. Her affection for hi m was so wonderful that she asked Flair Lawrence to make a potion for her and made her appear to be dying. In this way, she avoids getting married to Paris and can see Romeo again after being expelled from town. This event is very confusing during the play. In fact, there should not be anything. Juliet died and awoke. Romeo had just committed suicide before waking up, so this time it was too late. After seeing Romeo's death, Juliet truly committed suicide.

Patch Adams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patch Adams - Essay Example Patch Adams, directed by Tom Shadyac, is a film about this concept. It is about a doctor who does recognize the emotional and spiritual needs of patients with physical illnesses, and how he is successful in the medical world despite a lot of opposition. Shadyac compares and contrasts Patch Adams with the other, more traditional doctors portrayed in the film, to show Adams as an ideal doctor, who is breaking new ground with his non-traditional beliefs about the way doctors should interact with their patients. While there are plenty of good doctors out there who genuinely care for their patients, many people who study medicine are motivated by money. Such people are not necessarily concerned with the needs of their clients. For instance, in Shadyac's movie, a mother is desperate to visit her sick daughter in the hospital room where she is dying. Even though her daughter needs to see a doctor as quickly as possible and her mother wants to be with her to take care of her, hospital policy requires her to finish all the paperwork before her daughter can get proper medical attention. Hospitals often want to make sure that clients have enough money to pay the doctors before they "waste" the time of a physician. People often feel that hospitals and physicians are motivated by money rather than the desire to help people, and for this reason find it difficult to trust their doctor's words. In extreme cases people might see two or three doctors because they find it difficult to trust in them. In telling the story of Patch Adams, Shadyac challenges this view, portraying Adams as a different kind of doctor. He believes in treating the whole person rather than just their physical symptoms, a view which is very different from the one that most doctors hold. He believes in giving people the best care he has to offer. Shadyac uses the house that Patch Adams built as the symbol for this idea and the focal point of the film. The house that Adams builds is a free hospital, a place where "people will come from all over the world to fulfill their dream of helping others, where learning is the highest aim, where love is the ultimate goal." Adams' hospital is a place where all patients are welcome regardless of how much or how little money they can pay, and it is a house with "with no boss or title." Another issue that Shadyac examines in Patch Adams is the balance of power in hospitals - how doctors have it, and patients do not. In the small hospital society, the people who have power are defined by their clothes. The people who wear the long white coats have the greatest power and authority. Shadyac shows how physicians use their power by showing what they think of themselves, for example, a doctor in the film says "Physicians are business men. Patients need doctors to give them prescriptions. They don't need doctors to be their friends." This kind of attitude creates a gap between patients and doctors and makes it hard for patients to see doctors as helpful or caring. Patch Adams believes in the absolute opposite of this. He does not take advantage of the fact that he holds more power than his patients do - to him, "power is [when you]see what no one else sees, see what everyone else chooses not to seesee the whole world anew each day." Adams becomes a doctor because he wants

Select 3 photographs taken in africa about colonial period, that have Essay

Select 3 photographs taken in africa about colonial period, that have common theme, choosing santu mofokeng chasing shadows work - Essay Example Relating this to colonial South Africa where apartheid had taken the better side of the country, historical antecedents justify the thinking that the Black population of the country were vigilantly keeping watch to see when it was all going to be over. As seen in the photograph, the Black man has his eye wide shut because he does not want to miss out on anything or wants to be taken by surprise on an event of the passing apartheid that he may possibly not see. Aesthetic Appreciation Aesthetically, the photograph â€Å"Eyes-wide-shut† is a photograph with much value on the depiction of elements of photography. For example, there is major emphasis on symmetry, where the jacket of the man in the photograph is taken in such a way that gives an equal striking image to the photograph. The same can be said of the positioning of the man, where he is balanced between the spaces left around him on the left and right sides. As far as depth of field is concerned, the photograph is given t wo depths of fields, which are rough and smooth. The smooth depth of field is with the man who is clearly captured as the focus of the photograph. All other people in the background and the background itself are given a rough depth of field by keeping the camera blur on them. Indeed, the way symmetry, balance and depth of field were used helped in giving the central focus of the photograph, the needed emphasis. Critic Even though there is much emphasis on the focus of the photograph in highlighting the theme of vigilance, which was a major topic for the Black community during the apartheid, it would have been much meaningful should the photography had included an element of a White person in the photograph. This is because the knowledge that the apartheid was a racial war between the Whites and the Blacks is common knowledge in history. The eyes that were wide shut could therefore have been made to be shut on a White man for example. This way, the photograph would have been easier t o comprehend and appreciate by a lay person, especially in support of the theme of the photograph. Theme The photograph above is captioned â€Å"Motoulen Landscape with Poplar Trees and Altar†. Rightly by comparing the caption of the photograph to its images, the theme of a fading land becomes trumpeted in the mind of the viewer. This is because poplar trees by themselves are known to be very viable trees in the South African soil. This makes them to have a season round of fresh green leaves and stems in the country. Indeed, the sight and appearance of a poplar tree is that of freshness and hope. But in the photograph, nothing else than a savannah dry land is seen. This is because the poplar tree that was once fresh and blossom has gone dry. Like the result of colonization in South Africa, the freedoms, rights and identities of the ordinary South African was made to go dry due to oppression and suppression at the hands of colonial masters. For the poplar tree to have any hope , it must find itself in the midst of an altar where a religious or divine intervention could possibly make it regain its freshness. Indeed, the South African nation found redemption through the efforts of freedom fighters such as Nelson Mandela. Aesthetic Appreciation Lines are very powerful elements used by the photography in the picture that is presented above. Generally, lines are useful in directing the viewer to the focal point of the photography. Indeed, in the

Virtue Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Virtue Ethics - Essay Example Kant expresses that the will of the people to treat others as an end rather than a means, defines the rightness of their action (Pojman and Tramel 23-27). He explains that human beings can only act right if they treat other people with fairness. Evidently, human beings consider the virtuous people as those who treat others fairly, with dignity and positive attitude. On this ground, the idea of Kant that moral rightness as the ability to treat others fairly is universally practical. (Pojman and Tramel 23-27).Kant paints the image of a person as a legislator of kingdom, to direct people on how they should act morally. The interpretation of this statement is that human beings should act as if they are designing universal law that applies not only to them but also to other moral agents. In this statement, the philosopher urges human beings to act in such a way that their actions are exemplary and that others should follow the same direction. Thus, if one does a bad thing, then he invites others to act the same way, as this would be legislating a new law in the universal kingdom. On this ground, human beings should act in such a way that their actions are fairto others and the results of these actions are positive. Trammel (24) states that Kant’s philosophy can best be understood as being committed to the theme of rightness as fairness.  From a close examination, Kant alludes to the idea that the morality of an action can be assessed by the extent to which it is fair to the recipient. The role that morality should play in our lives is a topic that garnered attention from numerous philosophers. Wolf (419-439) is among the scholars who focused on the way human beings apply morals on their life. She states that human beings should not strive to live a saintly life as this was be too good to the extent of denying themselves happiness. She agrees that human beings should treat others not as a means but